Vitiligo is a skin disorder that causes the loss of skin color in patches. It is caused by the lack of a pigment called melanin in the skin. Symptoms of vitiligo include patches of lighter skin on the face, neck, hands and feet, and loss of color in the hair, eyelashes and eyebrows. Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination and a skin biopsy. Treatment options for vitiligo include topical medications, light therapy, and skin grafts. In some cases, treatments may restore some of the lost pigment, while in other cases, it may not be possible to completely restore the original skin color.

Perioral dermatitis is a skin condition that causes a red, bumpy rash around the mouth, chin, and nose. It is most commonly seen in young women, but can occur in men and children as well. Symptoms of perioral dermatitis can include itching, burning, scaling, and redness. Diagnosis is typically based on the appearance of the rash and a physical examination. Treatment usually consists of topical medications such as topical steroids and antibiotics, and in some cases, oral antibiotics. It is important to avoid aggravating factors such as cosmetics, fragrances, and certain skin care products. Sun protection and good skin hygiene are also important for managing this condition.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition that causes red, itchy, and flaky patches on the scalp, face, and other body parts. It is believed to be caused by an overgrowth of a type of fungus known as Malassezia, which naturally lives on the skin. The fungus feeds on oils on the skin, which can cause inflammation and irritation. Other factors such as stress, hormones, and immune system issues may also play a role in the development of seborrheic dermatitis.

Contact dermatitis is a type of skin inflammation that occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with an irritant or an allergen. Symptoms of contact dermatitis may include redness, itching, burning, swelling, and blisters. Diagnosis of contact dermatitis is usually based on the patient's history, physical examination, and skin patch tests. Treatment for contact dermatitis may include topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, and moisturizers. In some cases, further tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause of the condition and to rule out any other possible skin conditions.

Atopic dermatitis, commonly referred to as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that causes patches of itchy, dry, and red skin. Symptoms of atopic dermatitis vary in severity, but typically involve red, itchy, dry patches of skin that can become scaly and inflamed. Common triggers of atopic dermatitis include stress, environmental allergies, and certain fabrics.

The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown, but it is often linked to a family history of allergies and asthma. It is also believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as exposure to certain allergens or irritants.

Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is usually made based on a physical examination, patient history, and laboratory tests. A doctor may also use a skin patch test to determine if a certain allergen is causing the symptoms.

Treatment for atopic dermatitis is aimed at reducing inflammation and itchiness. Treatment options may include topical medications, oral medications, light therapy, and lifestyle changes. It is important to find the right combination of treatment that works for the individual, as treatments may vary from patient to patient.